Zanzibar Island: A Comprehensive Travel Guide
Overview & Location
Zanzibar is a captivating archipelago located off the coast of Tanzania in East Africa, serving as one of the country's most distinctive and culturally rich destinations. The islands are situated approximately 35-50 kilometers from mainland Tanzania and are easily accessible by air or sea. Zanzibar consists of two main islands—Unguja and Pemba—each offering unique experiences and attractions for visitors.
The archipelago has earned its reputation as the "Spice Island" due to its historical prominence in the spice trade, a legacy that continues to influence the local culture, cuisine, and economy. The islands blend Arab, African, Indian, and Portuguese influences, creating a fascinating cultural tapestry that extends from the historic Stone Town to pristine beaches and marine reserves.
Wildlife & Natural Features
Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park
Zanzibar's sole national park is the Jozani-Chwaka Bay Biosphere Reserve, a UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme site and the island's premier wildlife destination. This protected area encompasses a remarkable diversity of ecosystems, including mangroves, tropical forests, coral reefs, and wetlands interspersed with agricultural and residential zones.
The reserve is recognized as a biodiversity hotspot and serves as home to an impressive array of wildlife species. Key attractions include:
Sykes monkeys—endemic primates that can be observed in their natural habitat
Bush babies—nocturnal mammals rarely seen in the wild
Zanzibar tree hyrax—a nocturnal species unique to the islands with distinctive four toes on front feet and three on back feet
Over 50 butterfly species
168 bird species, including 30 species of global and regional significance
291 documented fauna species throughout the park
Diverse reef fish and dolphin populations in coastal waters
The park attracts approximately 10% of Zanzibar's over 100,000 annual visitors, making it an essential stop for nature enthusiasts and wildlife photographers.
Marine Life & Coastal Features
Beyond the national park, Zanzibar's surrounding waters offer exceptional marine experiences. Dolphins are commonly spotted in coastal areas, and the coral reefs provide outstanding opportunities for snorkeling and diving. The warm Indian Ocean waters support diverse marine ecosystems that attract both casual swimmers and serious underwater explorers.
Best Time to Visit
Zanzibar enjoys a tropical climate with two distinct seasons that affect visitor experiences differently:
Dry Season (June-October): Offers the most pleasant weather with lower humidity, cooler temperatures, and minimal rainfall. This is considered peak tourist season.
Wet Season (November-May): Features warmer temperatures and higher humidity with occasional rainfall. Despite the rain, this period offers fewer crowds and lower accommodation prices.
Ideal Months: July through September provide optimal conditions for most activities, though December through February offers warm weather for beach enthusiasts.
The shoulder seasons of June and October-November provide good compromises between weather and crowd levels.
Activities & Experiences
Wildlife & Nature Activities
Visitors can explore Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park through guided nature walks, offering opportunities to observe endemic species in their natural environments. The mangrove forests are particularly fascinating, providing insights into unique coastal ecosystems and their ecological importance.
Water-Based Activities
Zanzibar's coastal position enables a variety of marine experiences:
Snorkeling in coral reef areas with abundant tropical fish
Scuba diving for more experienced underwater explorers
Dolphin watching tours departing from coastal villages
Sport fishing for deep-sea game fish
Beach relaxation on pristine white-sand shores
Traditional dhow sailing experiences
Cultural & Historical Exploration
Stone Town, the historic heart of Zanzibar, features narrow winding streets, ancient architecture, and vibrant markets. Visitors can explore the UNESCO World Heritage site, visit historical sites related to the spice trade, and experience authentic local culture through markets and traditional restaurants.
Adventure Activities
For those seeking more active experiences, balloon safaris provide unique perspectives of the islands, while hiking and nature trekking opportunities abound throughout the archipelago.
Getting There
By Air
Zanzibar has an international airport served by numerous airlines from mainland Tanzania and other East African destinations. Regular flights connect Dar es Salaam to Zanzibar, with journey times of approximately 20-30 minutes. International flights also operate from other regional hubs.
By Sea
Ferry services operate between Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar, offering a scenic alternative to flying. Journey times typically range from 1-2 hours depending on the vessel type.
Visa Requirements
Visitors requiring visas for Tanzania should obtain them before arrival or at the airport. Zanzibar is part of Tanzania and uses the same visa requirements and Tanzanian shilling currency.
Practical Information
Essential Contact Information
Zanzibar Commission for Tourism
Email: info@zanzibartourism.go.tz or marketing@zanzibartourism.go.tz
Phone: +255 24 2233485/6
Website: visitzanzibar.go.tz
Accommodation
Zanzibar offers accommodation options ranging from budget guesthouses to luxury resorts. Stone Town features boutique hotels in restored historic buildings, while coastal areas offer beachfront resorts. Booking in advance is recommended during peak season (July-September).
Currency & Costs
Tanzania uses the Tanzanian Shilling (TZS). Major hotels and tourist establishments accept credit cards, but carrying cash is advisable for local markets and smaller establishments. Zanzibar is generally affordable compared to many international destinations, with costs varying based on accommodation choices.
Health & Safety
Consult healthcare providers regarding vaccinations before traveling to Zanzibar. Malaria prophylaxis may be recommended. Tap water safety varies; bottled water is recommended for visitors. Standard travel insurance is advisable. Zanzibar is generally considered safe for tourists, though standard travel precautions apply.
Language & Communication
Swahili is the primary language, with English widely spoken in tourist areas. Mobile network coverage is good throughout the islands, with local SIM cards available for data and calls.
Transportation
Local transportation includes taxis, motorcycle taxis (boda-bodas), and rental vehicles. Hiring a guide is recommended for national park visits and cultural exploration. Many hotels can arrange transportation and tours.
Best Resources for Planning
The official Zanzibar Commission for Tourism website provides comprehensive information about attractions, accommodations, and current travel conditions. Contacting the tourism office directly yields personalized recommendations and assistance with planning your visit.
Zanzibar offers an unforgettable blend of natural beauty, wildlife encounters, cultural immersion, and relaxation. Whether seeking adventure in Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park, exploring historic Stone Town, or simply relaxing on pristine beaches, Zanzibar provides diverse experiences for all travelers.
