Protecting Zimbabwe’s National Parks: Conservation Priorities in 2026

Last reviewed August 2026. Conservation data changes — see the cited sources for the latest figures.

Why national park conservation matters in Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe’s protected areas safeguard connected habitats rather than isolated wildlife attractions. The Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, operating under the Parks and Wildlife Act, manages about five million hectares—approximately 13% of the country’s total land area . Its responsibilities include protecting, managing and administering Zimbabwe’s wildlife, a task shared with conservation organisations, communities, private operators and neighbouring countries .

The country’s parks contain a wide range of ecosystems and species. Matusadona National Park, proclaimed in 1975, covers 1,470 km² between Lake Kariba, the Matusadona Mountains and the Ume and Sanyati Rivers. Its habitats support elephant, lion, leopard, buffalo, zebra, antelope, hippo, crocodile, fish and nearly 400 recorded bird species .

Other landscapes are important because wildlife movements cross administrative boundaries. Hwange is part of the wider Hwange-Matetsi-Zambezi landscape, while parks around Victoria Falls sit within the Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area, or KAZA TFCA . KAZA connects Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe and is intended to harmonise conservation policies, tourism approaches and management across a shared ecosystem . The Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area provides a similar regional framework in south-eastern Zimbabwe, including Gonarezhou National Park .

This landscape perspective is especially important for wide-ranging animals. African Parks reports that collared elephants in Matusadona continue to use intact historical corridors, making the park a link for active wildlife pathways rather than simply a destination with fixed boundaries .

The main threats facing Zimbabwe’s parks

Wildlife crime and the cost of protection

Poaching and other wildlife crime remain core conservation concerns. Effective protection requires trained rangers, patrol food and fuel, vehicles, communications, evidence management, judicial cooperation, monitoring and functioning bases. African Parks says its wider partnerships support rangers and canine teams, communications technology, wildlife monitoring, information management, evidence-management training and judicial systems; these interventions have contributed to increases in wildlife-crime convictions in the places where they operate .

The challenge is not only the presence of poachers. Protected-area agencies must also maintain roads, water infrastructure, staff accommodation and field equipment across large, remote landscapes. During the COVID-19 disruption, reduced travel and travel restrictions weakened tourism income that normally supports conservation, increasing the vulnerability of protected areas and biodiversity .

For a closer examination of enforcement tools and remaining risks, see SafariFind’s guide to anti-poaching in Zimbabwe.

Habitat fragmentation and blocked wildlife corridors

Wildlife needs access to seasonal water, food and breeding areas. Roads, settlement, cultivation, fences and other land-use changes can interrupt those movements, even when a national park’s internal habitat remains intact. Zimbabwean nature-based-solutions projects are concentrated in priority areas including Hwange National Park, the Zambezi Valley and the Victoria Falls region, with reforestation and wildlife-corridor conservation among their main approaches .

The African Wildlife Foundation describes its Zimbabwe work through an ecological-systems lens, focusing on watersheds, habitat and migration corridors rather than political boundaries. Its earlier work in the Kazungula landscape helped establish foundations for the formal KAZA TFCA, and its Zimbabwe programme has involved three transboundary landscapes spanning six countries .

Human-wildlife conflict and local costs

Communities living beside parks can experience crop damage, livestock losses, safety risks and restricted access to natural resources. Conservation therefore cannot be measured only by animal numbers or patrol effort; it also has to address whether local people have a meaningful reason and practical ability to support wildlife.

Research around Gonarezhou National Park examined 336 households and community-level data from 30 communities. It found that cooperation was positively associated with biodiversity outcomes, while trust, information sharing, training, local punishment systems, stakeholder relationships and institutional capacity influenced cooperation . The study’s policy implication is that CAMPFIRE communities need enough autonomy and institutional support to organise and manage wildlife sustainably .

Climate and water stress

Climate risk adds pressure to ecosystems that already fluctuate between wet and dry seasons. The International Institute for Sustainable Development identifies Hwange, the Zambezi Valley and the Victoria Falls region as biodiversity hotspots facing significant climate risks . Its inventory records projects intended to address climate and biodiversity risks through approaches such as reforestation, corridor conservation, community participation and the integration of Traditional Knowledge with modern conservation methods .

Water management is consequently a conservation and welfare issue. In Hwange and other dry landscapes, maintaining water infrastructure can influence wildlife distribution and increase the importance of well-planned tourism, research and habitat management. Conservation travel projects in Zimbabwe also describe monitoring water points and wildlife movements, although individual volunteer activities should not be confused with national population surveys .

What is being done to protect the parks?

Matusadona’s long-term management partnership

In 2019, Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority partnered with African Parks under a 20-year management agreement for Matusadona National Park. It was African Parks’ first management mandate in Zimbabwe, with a stated vision to revitalise the park for wildlife and communities through governance, law enforcement, community engagement and species reintroductions .

The programme’s 2026 actions include the introduction of a group of critically endangered black rhinos in June and the translocation of 20 African wild dogs in February, following years in which wild dogs had been locally extinct in the park . These actions aim to restore missing ecological components, but successful reintroduction depends on long-term monitoring, habitat security, disease management and sufficient prey and space. The black-rhino project is covered in more detail in SafariFind’s article on black rhino conservation in Zimbabwe.

Matusadona also works with fishers to develop legal, sustainable alternatives that support household economies while reducing pressure on ecosystems. The park partners with the Tikki Hywood Foundation on pangolin research, release and monitoring . In 2025, Matusadona recorded 257 community engagements reaching 13,076 community members .

Hwange-Matetsi-Zambezi landscape investment

On 5 March 2026, the International Fund for Animal Welfare announced a €1 million grant for habitat and wildlife protection in the Hwange-Matetsi-Zambezi landscape . ZimParks Director General Professor Edson Gandiwa said the support would help protect wildlife and build resilience for wildlife, habitats and people coexisting in the greater Hwange ecosystem .

The landscape approach builds on earlier operational support. IFAW reported providing fuel, workshop equipment, veterinary-unit support, food rations, uniforms and patrol equipment during the COVID-19 period, helping sustain 176 field rangers in Hwange National Park in 2020–2021. Its partner Save Giraffes Now supported refresher training for 25 rangers and the removal of 250 snares in Sinamatella, a giraffe habitat in Hwange .

Visitors considering a walking experience can read SafariFind’s practical guide to Hwange National Park walking safaris, including the importance of permits and responsible conduct.

Gonarezhou partnerships and operational capacity

Gonarezhou demonstrates how public-private partnerships can strengthen a state-managed park. A report on the Gonarezhou Conservation Trust partnership recorded a 243% increase in the budget under the reported model, total investment of $22.87 million over five years from 2017 to 2022, and staff growth from 77 to 308. It reported that 207 staff were park rangers and 72% came from the local community .

The same report attributed operational improvements to support for law enforcement, field equipment, communications, vehicles, ranger training, fuel, patrol rations, accommodation, road access, aerial support, a canine unit and law-enforcement monitoring . These figures describe that partnership and period; they should not be treated as a current national budget or as proof that every Zimbabwean park has the same resources.

Mana Pools and transfrontier cooperation

Peace Parks Foundation reports that, in partnership with Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife, the Greater Mana Pools Conservation Trust has moved into implementation. The trust followed the appointment of its first director and is supported by investment in critical infrastructure upgrades and operational costs .

Transfrontier collaboration matters because wildlife crime, migration and river systems do not stop at national borders. Zimbabwe’s protected-area network therefore relies on cooperation with regional authorities and organisations, including KAZA and the Great Limpopo framework .

Why communities and tourism are part of conservation

Community participation is not a public-relations addition to park management; it affects whether conservation rules are trusted and followed. The Gonarezhou study found that stronger local cooperation was associated with healthier biodiversity outcomes and recommended capacity building, skills development and community autonomy . In practice, this means supporting local institutions, sharing reliable information, designing benefits transparently and recognising the costs borne by households living with wildlife.

Matusadona’s fisheries work shows one practical model: conservation authorities are working with fishers on legal and sustainable alternatives that address both ecosystem protection and household economies . The IISD inventory similarly finds that many nature-based-solutions projects integrate community participation and Traditional Knowledge with modern conservation practice .

Tourism contributes through park fees, accommodation, guiding, transport, employment, conservation levies and the wider local economy. Before the pandemic, photographic tourism in Zimbabwe’s 11 national parks and 16 recreational parks supplied approximately 80% of ZimParks’ annual revenue budget, according to a study of protected-area financing . The same study highlighted the risk of relying heavily on tourism and recommended diversified funding sources and financial reserves .

That makes a wildlife safari more than a viewing experience when the operator, park authority and community partners use revenue responsibly. Travellers can book conservation-supporting safaris on SafariFind, while checking exactly what is included, which authority receives fees and whether activities follow park rules.

Results and setbacks: a balanced 2026 assessment

Area	Reported progress	Remaining challenge
Matusadona	Black rhino introduced in June 2026; 20 African wild dogs translocated in February 2026; 257 community engagements reached 13,076 people in 2025 .	Reintroduced populations require sustained protection, monitoring and suitable habitat; the park must balance ecological restoration with community livelihoods .
Hwange-Matetsi-Zambezi	IFAW announced a €1 million 2026 grant for habitat and wildlife protection .	Climate risks, human-wildlife conflict and the operating costs of large landscapes remain significant .
Gonarezhou	The reported 2017–2022 partnership increased investment and staffing and supported patrol, communications, vehicles and canine capacity .	Research around the park found that many community institutional attributes remained below the desired level .
National system	ZimParks manages about five million hectares, with support from conservation partners and transfrontier initiatives .	Tourism disruption can reduce conservation income, demonstrating the need for diversified finance and reserves .

The overall picture is therefore neither simple recovery nor failure. Zimbabwe has credible examples of restoration, community engagement and partnership-led investment, but those gains depend on durable financing, accountable institutions, effective local participation and protection of connected habitats. A successful translocation or grant announcement is an important step—not a final conservation outcome.

How travellers can help responsibly

• Choose transparent operators. Ask how park fees, conservation levies and community payments are handled. Prefer businesses that identify the relevant park authority and local partners.
• Respect wildlife space. Follow guide instructions, remain within designated areas and avoid pressuring animals for photographs. Quiet, predictable behaviour reduces disturbance.
• Support local economies. Use locally owned guides, craftspeople, accommodation and food suppliers where possible. Community benefits can strengthen the institutions that research links with better conservation outcomes .
• Do not buy wildlife products. Decline souvenirs made from protected species and report suspicious activity to guides, park staff or the appropriate authority.
• Reduce environmental pressure. Conserve water, limit waste, avoid single-use plastics and select lodges that explain their energy and water practices.
• Keep claims in perspective. Ask whether a project publishes monitoring results. A donation, volunteer placement or safari can support conservation, but none by itself replaces long-term governance, science and community consent.

Zimbabwe’s national parks will be strongest when wildlife protection, community wellbeing and tourism are treated as connected responsibilities. In 2026, the most promising work is taking place at landscape scale: restoring species in Matusadona, strengthening Hwange’s wider ecosystem, improving operations in Gonarezhou and Mana Pools, and protecting corridors that cross park and national boundaries .

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the current conservation status of Zimbabwe’s national parks in 2026?

Zimbabwe’s national parks remain nationally and regionally important, but their protection depends on partnerships, sustainable finance, law enforcement, community institutions and habitat connectivity. Current work includes Matusadona species reintroductions, Hwange-Matetsi-Zambezi investment and transfrontier conservation .

Which organisation manages Zimbabwe’s national parks?

Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, commonly referred to as ZimParks or PWMA in the cited sources, is responsible for protecting, managing and administering Zimbabwe’s wildlife and manages about five million hectares, approximately 13% of the country’s land area .

What is being done to protect wildlife in Matusadona National Park?

African Parks manages Matusadona under a 20-year agreement with Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority signed in 2019. The park has strengthened law enforcement and community engagement, introduced black rhinos in June 2026, translocated 20 African wild dogs in February 2026 and uses elephant-collar data to understand corridor use .

How does tourism fund conservation in Zimbabwe?

Tourism supports conservation through park fees, accommodation, guiding, employment and related local spending. Before COVID-19, photographic tourism in Zimbabwe’s national and recreational parks supplied approximately 80% of ZimParks’ annual revenue budget, although the reliance on tourism also creates financial risk during disruptions .

What are the biggest threats to Zimbabwe’s national parks?

The main threats are wildlife crime, habitat fragmentation, human-wildlife conflict, climate risk and unstable conservation finance. Large parks also face the practical costs of rangers, patrols, roads, communications, water infrastructure and equipment .

How are communities involved in conservation around Gonarezhou?

Community involvement includes local institutions, wildlife-management training, information sharing, cooperation and participation in conservation partnerships. Research involving 336 households and 30 communities around Gonarezhou found that cooperation was positively associated with biodiversity outcomes and recommended greater institutional capacity and autonomy for CAMPFIRE communities .

What conservation funding was announced for Zimbabwe in 2026?

The International Fund for Animal Welfare announced a €1 million grant on 5 March 2026 for habitat and wildlife protection in the Hwange-Matetsi-Zambezi landscape .

Why are wildlife corridors important in Zimbabwe?

Corridors allow animals to move between feeding, water and breeding areas and connect habitats beyond park boundaries. In Matusadona, collared elephants continue to move through intact historical corridors, while corridor conservation is also a focus of nature-based-solutions projects in Zimbabwe .

How can tourists support conservation in Zimbabwe?

Tourists can choose transparent operators, pay required park fees, support local businesses, respect wildlife distances, avoid wildlife products, reduce water and waste impacts and ask how tourism revenue benefits conservation and communities.

Is Zimbabwe’s conservation progress secure?

No. Zimbabwe has reported important progress, including Matusadona reintroductions and partnership-led investment in Gonarezhou and Hwange, but these gains require continued funding, effective institutions, community support, monitoring and protection from wildlife crime and climate pressures .