Wildlife Corridors & Habitats in Zambia: 2026 Guide

Quick answer: Wildlife corridors in Zambia connect national parks, Game Management Areas (GMAs), community forests and transboundary conservation landscapes. Current work focuses on restoring habitats, maintaining routes between protected areas, reducing road impacts and supporting communities that live alongside wildlife. Key examples include the Rufunsa corridor between the Luangwa Valley and the Zambezi River system, the Greater Kafue landscape, and routes linking Zambia with neighbouring countries.

Last reviewed August 2026. Conservation data changes — see the cited sources for the latest figures.

Why habitats and corridors matter in Zambia

Zambia’s conservation model depends on more than the boundaries of individual national parks. Wildlife moves between protected areas and surrounding GMAs to find food, water, mates and seasonal refuge. African Parks describes this approach as treating protected areas as connected ecological and human landscapes that can support one another, rather than as isolated islands.

Connectivity is especially important for wide-ranging species. In the Greater Kafue ecosystem, lions, cheetahs, antelope and wild dogs may need to cross or approach transport routes while moving through the landscape. The Rufunsa landscape links the Luangwa Valley to the Zambezi River system and forms part of the Lower Zambezi–Luangwa Transfrontier Conservation Area, extending into Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Its mopane woodland, riverine forest and thicket habitats support elephants, lions, wild dogs, buffalo and the critically endangered pangolin, alongside tens of thousands of people in Mphuka and Mburuma Chiefdoms.

Southern African corridors also operate across international borders. Research on the wider region records elephant movements from Angola and Namibia into Zambia’s Sioma Ngwezi National Park, while the Sobbe Corridor connects routes associated with Botswana and Namibia to Sioma Ngwezi. The same research notes that farming, fences and other clearings can block or narrow these routes.

Habitat connectivity benefits more than the most visible large mammals. Grazing species influence grassland structure, nutrient distribution and habitat availability for other animals, while also contributing to the prey base that supports large predators. Ecosystem restoration therefore needs to consider the relationships among grazers, predators, vegetation, water and people—not only the protection of individual species.

Key habitats and corridor landscapes

Landscape	Why it matters	Current conservation focus
Greater Kafue ecosystem	Kafue National Park and surrounding GMAs form a large connected landscape for predators, antelope and other wildlife.	Ecosystem-wide restoration, ecological monitoring, resource protection and mitigation of road impacts.
Rufunsa Game Management Area	A corridor linking the Luangwa Valley and the Zambezi River system within the Lower Zambezi–Luangwa Transfrontier Conservation Area.	Ranger support, habitat protection, human–wildlife coexistence, community empowerment and climate resilience.
Lower Zambezi landscape	Lower Zambezi National Park and surrounding GMAs form a conservation landscape managed through collaboration among DNPW, local communities and partners.	Wildlife protection, environmental education, community empowerment and applied conservation support.
Sioma Ngwezi and regional routes	Part of wider cross-border movement systems connecting Zambia with neighbouring countries.	Maintaining open routes and addressing fences, farming expansion and other barriers.

The main threats to Zambia’s wildlife corridors and habitats

Roads and wildlife–vehicle collisions

The M9 highway through Kafue National Park is an important transport route but also a barrier for wildlife. The Center for Large Landscape Conservation reports that a 2006 upgrade increased traffic speed and volume, resulting in more wildlife–vehicle collisions and disruption to animals moving for food, water and mates. Species identified as vulnerable around the route include lions, cheetahs, antelope and wild dogs.

Recommended responses include relocating artificial water sources away from roads, restricting nighttime truck traffic, enforcing speed limits and considering dedicated wildlife crossing structures. Longer-term planning includes a land-use plan for the adjacent Mumbwa GMA and stronger policy and funding arrangements for mitigation measures. These proposals show why a corridor is not secure simply because it appears on a map: its safety depends on transport planning, enforcement and settlement patterns.

Habitat conversion and fragmentation

Farming, settlement growth, fences and other clearings can interrupt routes that wildlife has used across generations. Regional corridor research identifies a fence in a crop field and surrounding clearings as obstacles in a route connected to the Sobbe Corridor and Sioma Ngwezi.

Community forests may provide an important complementary layer of habitat protection. Yale Environment 360 reports that Zambia has 80 community forests covering 3.7 million acres, with carbon-credit sales cited as one financing mechanism. Carbon finance can support conservation, but it requires transparent governance, credible measurement and fair benefit-sharing; the research supplied here does not establish that every community forest is a wildlife corridor or that all reported credits directly fund wildlife protection.

Human–wildlife conflict

Corridors are working landscapes, not empty spaces. Expanding settlements and shrinking habitats are associated with rising human–wildlife conflict globally, and Zambia’s affected communities need practical support if they are to live with wildlife. A 2026 national survey commissioned by Wild Africa and IFAW found that 79% of respondents viewed wildlife as national heritage worth protecting and 92% recognised its economic importance. The survey involved 800 face-to-face interviews conducted between 29 January and 14 February 2026 in urban and rural districts of Lusaka and the Eastern Province.

Those results indicate strong public support, but support should not be confused with guaranteed tolerance. Communities bear the costs when elephants damage crops, predators threaten livestock or access to natural resources changes. Effective corridor conservation therefore needs local participation, conflict prevention, livelihood opportunities and clear rights over land and wildlife benefits. The human–wildlife conflict response in Zambia is a closely related conservation issue for travellers and safari operators to understand.

Climate and ecological change

Climate resilience is now part of corridor planning. IFAW’s Room to Roam initiative describes securing and connecting habitats as a way to promote biodiversity and build natural resilience to climate change, drawing on more than 20 years of scientific research. In Zambia, this means protecting routes that allow animals to move through changing conditions rather than managing each park as a closed unit.

Restoration also has to be ecological rather than purely cosmetic. In Kafue, work since 2022 has been scaled up towards ecosystem-wide restoration, supported by earlier government and partner efforts in ecosystem management and ecological monitoring. Grazers are included because their feeding patterns affect grassland condition and the habitat available to other species.

What conservation organisations are doing

Government and landscape partnerships

Zambia’s Department of National Parks and Wildlife (DNPW) is a central government partner in conservation projects described by the research. In Rufunsa, Game Rangers International (GRI), DNPW, Community Resource Boards and Conservation Lower Zambezi launched a project in 2019 with seed funding from Friends of Jackson Hole. The programme expanded from two ranger units into work covering wildlife protection, human–wildlife coexistence, community empowerment, climate resilience and elephant rescue.

In the Greater Kafue ecosystem, Musekese Conservation combines resource protection, ecological research and community-led conservation across GMAs buffering Kafue National Park. Game Rangers International also supports rangers through welfare, training and operational assistance in Greater Kafue and Rufunsa. Conservation Lower Zambezi works with DNPW and local communities around Lower Zambezi National Park and its GMAs, with programmes covering wildlife protection, environmental education, community empowerment and applied research.

These partnerships matter because corridor security requires different kinds of expertise. The 2026 Liuwa–Kafue wildlife translocation involved the Government of Zambia, The Nature Conservancy, the Zambian Carnivore Programme, Musekese Conservation, the Game Rangers Association of Zambia, Panthera and WWF Zambia. The operation illustrates how species restoration, monitoring, veterinary planning, ranger capacity and landscape management can intersect.

Species restoration and ecological monitoring

Translocations can strengthen links between protected areas when they are based on ecological assessment and supported by effective protection. African Parks describes the movement of wildlife between Liuwa Plain and Kafue as part of broader restoration and as evidence that protected areas can support each other within a connected landscape. The research identifies grazing species as important to ecosystem functioning, but does not provide a complete species-by-species outcome assessment for the 2026 operation.

Monitoring technology also helps reveal how animals use corridors. Research cited by the Center for Large Landscape Conservation identifies collared elephants as evidence of continued use of a major regional migration route, while conservation reporting from Kafue describes elephants fitted with GPS collars moving through the wider Kavango–Zambezi landscape. Tracking can inform land-use decisions, but it does not remove the need for local agreements, habitat protection or safe road design.

Species-specific work remains important. The Zambian Carnivore Programme is among the organisations contributing expertise to landscape restoration and translocation planning, while GRI and Conservation South Luangwa are listed among 2026 ranger teams supporting wildlife protection and human–wildlife conflict mitigation. Travellers interested in large carnivores can read more about leopard conservation in Zambia, but a healthy leopard population alone would not prove that a corridor is ecologically secure.

Community involvement and responsible tourism

GMAs and corridor areas connect wildlife habitat with lived landscapes. The Rufunsa project works in Mphuka and Mburuma Chiefdoms, while Lower Zambezi conservation initiatives combine wildlife protection with environmental education and community empowerment. These approaches recognise that local residents are stakeholders and potential conservation partners, not simply people living outside a park boundary.

Tourism can contribute through employment, local procurement, conservation levies, partnerships and demand for functioning protected areas. However, the research supplied here does not provide a single national figure for tourism revenue reaching communities or ranger programmes. Claims about safari finance should therefore be assessed lodge by lodge and landscape by landscape. SafariFind’s guide to how safari tourism funds conservation in Zambia provides further context for evaluating these connections.

A wildlife safari is most responsible when the operator explains where conservation contributions go, follows park rules, limits disturbance and works with local partners. Visitors can support landscapes such as Kafue, South Luangwa, Lower Zambezi and Rufunsa without treating conservation as a guaranteed safari spectacle. Wildlife movements are seasonal, sightings are never assured, and a functioning corridor may be valuable precisely because it keeps animals away from roads, farms and crowded viewing points.

Results and remaining challenges in 2026

There are credible signs of progress. African Parks reports that ecosystem management, ecological monitoring and restoration have been strengthened in the wider Kafue landscape, with ecosystem-wide restoration scaled up since 2022. GRI describes Rufunsa as moving from crisis response towards community-led conservation, with wildlife returning and new livelihood opportunities developing. These are programme-reported results and should be read alongside the organisations’ continuing plans and challenges rather than as proof that threats have been resolved.

Other progress is institutional. The Government of Zambia, CIFOR-ICRAF and FAO’s EU-funded Sustainable Wildlife Management Programme convened government representatives, technical experts and partners on 26 March 2026 to prioritise policies and legal diagnostic tools for updating Zambia’s SWM Programme Legal Hub. Updating legal frameworks is relevant to wildlife, land use and food security, although the meeting itself was a policy process rather than a reported conservation outcome.

The unresolved challenges are substantial: roads can fragment movement; fences and agricultural clearings can block cross-border routes; communities need practical support with conflict; and conservation organisations require sustained funding, enforcement and cooperation. The Kafue road assessment specifically recommends further work on crossing structures, speed enforcement, truck traffic, artificial water points and land-use planning.

Public support provides an important foundation, but it must be matched by fair benefits and credible institutions. The 2026 survey’s findings—79% identifying wildlife as heritage and 92% recognising its economic importance—show a positive national attitude, not a substitute for evidence about habitat condition, wildlife populations or corridor functionality.

How travellers can help responsibly

• Choose conservation-connected operators. Ask whether a lodge or camp works with DNPW, a Community Resource Board or a named conservation organisation, and request a clear explanation of the contribution.
• Support local economies. Prefer tourism businesses that employ local staff, buy locally where feasible and describe community benefits without making vague claims.
• Follow road and wildlife rules. Observe speed limits, do not pressure guides to leave designated routes, and never encourage a driver to block an animal’s path.
• Respect corridor landscapes. A corridor may include villages, farms, forests and roads. Do not assume that land outside a national park is unimportant or available for off-road driving.
• Reduce wildlife disturbance. Keep quiet near animals, avoid feeding or touching wildlife, and maintain the distance directed by your guide and park authorities.
• Ask for evidence. If a business claims to protect a corridor, ask which landscape, programme or partner it supports and whether its results are independently reported.
• Book thoughtfully. Travellers can book conservation-supporting safaris on SafariFind, while comparing the operator’s environmental and community commitments before paying.

For visitors, the best wildlife safari park experience is not simply a high number of sightings. It is the chance to see conservation as landscape work: keeping habitats connected, helping communities manage risk, supporting trained rangers and giving wildlife room to move. Zambia’s corridor future will depend on maintaining that wider view.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are wildlife corridors in Zambia?

Wildlife corridors are connected areas of habitat that allow animals to move between parks, GMAs, community forests and transboundary landscapes. Zambia’s Rufunsa corridor links the Luangwa Valley with the Zambezi River system, while routes associated with Sioma Ngwezi connect to wider regional movement systems.

Why are wildlife corridors important in Zambia?

They allow wildlife to move for food, water and mates and help protected areas function as connected ecological landscapes rather than isolated islands. Connectivity is particularly important for wide-ranging species such as elephants, lions, wild dogs and other large mammals.

Which Zambian landscape is an important wildlife corridor?

Rufunsa Game Management Area is an important corridor linking the Luangwa Valley to the Zambezi River system and forming part of the Lower Zambezi–Luangwa Transfrontier Conservation Area.

What threatens wildlife corridors in Zambia?

Major threats include roads, wildlife–vehicle collisions, settlement and agricultural expansion, fences, habitat fragmentation, human–wildlife conflict and climate-related ecological change. The M9 highway through Kafue National Park is documented as a barrier that has disrupted wildlife movement.

How does the M9 highway affect wildlife in Kafue?

A 2006 upgrade increased traffic speed and volume, leading to more wildlife–vehicle collisions and disrupting the movement of lions, cheetahs, antelope, wild dogs and other animals. Proposed measures include speed enforcement, restrictions on nighttime truck traffic and possible wildlife crossings.

What organisations protect Zambia’s wildlife corridors?

Partners named in the research include DNPW, Game Rangers International, Conservation Lower Zambezi, Musekese Conservation, the Zambian Carnivore Programme, WWF Zambia, Panthera, The Nature Conservancy, IFAW and Community Resource Boards.

How are communities involved in habitat conservation in Zambia?

Community involvement includes Community Resource Boards, livelihood programmes, environmental education, human–wildlife coexistence work and participation in landscape management. Rufunsa’s programme operates in Mphuka and Mburuma Chiefdoms, while Lower Zambezi initiatives combine wildlife protection with community empowerment.

Does safari tourism help conserve habitats in Zambia?

Safari tourism can support conservation through employment, local procurement, partnerships and contributions to protected-area and community programmes. The research does not provide one national figure for tourism revenue reaching conservation, so travellers should ask individual operators for evidence of their contributions.

What can visitors do to protect Zambia’s wildlife corridors?

Visitors can choose transparent operators, support local businesses, follow speed and park rules, avoid disturbing wildlife, and ask which conservation partners receive tourism contributions. Responsible behaviour is important because corridors include working landscapes outside national parks.

Is Zambia’s wildlife conservation improving in 2026?

There are reported improvements in ecosystem restoration, ecological monitoring, ranger support and community-led conservation, including work in Kafue and Rufunsa. However, road impacts, habitat fragmentation, conflict and funding needs remain ongoing challenges.